如何正確選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)所需動物
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">為了獲得理想的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,必須根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康倪x擇適宜的觀察對象,在選擇動物時(shí),需考慮四大因素(種屬、性別、周齡或體重、狀態(tài)):</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">種屬的選擇</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">不同種屬的動物對同一疾病病因刺激的反應(yīng)程度會有很大的差異。在選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)動物時(shí),盡可能選擇對刺激因素較為敏感且與人類接近的種屬。例如在進(jìn)行發(fā)熱實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),宜首選家兔:在進(jìn)行過敏反應(yīng)和變態(tài)反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),宜首選豚鼠;小鼠則宜用于半數(shù)致死量等方面的觀察。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">性別的選擇</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">由于成年雌性動物的代謝存在著明顯的性周期的變化,這些變化會影響受試動物對某些實(shí)驗(yàn)因素的反應(yīng)狀態(tài)。因而在選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)動物時(shí),一般多用雄性動物,但熱板法鎮(zhèn)痛實(shí)驗(yàn)不宜選用雄性小鼠或大鼠,半數(shù)致死量的測定應(yīng)雌雄各半。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">周齡或體重的選擇</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">一般選擇成年動物,小鼠體重</font>18-22g<font face="宋體">,大鼠體重</font><font face="Calibri">200-250g</font><font face="宋體">,豚鼠體重</font><font face="Calibri">350-450g</font><font face="宋體">,家兔體重</font><font face="Calibri">2.5-3.5kg</font><font face="宋體">,</font><font face="Calibri">beagle</font><font face="宋體">犬體重</font><font face="Calibri">8-20kg</font><font face="宋體">。但有些實(shí)驗(yàn)對動物體重或周齡有特殊要求,如大鼠足腫脹法的抗炎實(shí)驗(yàn),宜選用</font><font face="Calibri">120-150kg</font><font face="宋體">的大鼠,對致炎劑敏感。制作大鼠腦永久性低灌注模型時(shí),宜選用</font><font face="Calibri">13</font><font face="宋體">周齡以上的大鼠,可大大降低死亡率。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">狀態(tài)的選擇</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">實(shí)驗(yàn)動物對人類疾病的表達(dá)程度及對施加因素的反應(yīng)情況,除了與動物自身的生理特征有關(guān)外,還受動物的狀態(tài),如是否饑餓、睡眠是否足夠、是否患有其他疾病等的影響。因此,應(yīng)選擇健康、反應(yīng)機(jī)敏以及其它各個(gè)方面條件盡量一致的動物作為觀察對象。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的選擇</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">由于環(huán)境因素對實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果有著很強(qiáng)的干擾作用,如明、暗</font>(<font face="宋體">即光照周期</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋體">對體內(nèi)代謝就有著重要的影響。在實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)選擇與受試動物自然生活盡量一致的實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境或人為地將實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境控制到符合條件的程度。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>